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Authors
Yu, Sijie
Tang, Wenhao
Zhang, De
Shen, Fuwei
Wang, Anshuo
Chen, Han
Chen, Hongxing
Zhang, Fanghong
Xiao, Li
Li, Yan
Chen, Zongwen
Wang, Li
Wang, Mo
Yang, Haiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2705101)
Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project (2023GGXM001)
Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, and Chongqing Medical University (W0098)
Major Program of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (NCRCCHD-2023-MP-01)
Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJZD-M202200401)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of CMUCH (approval number: 2024-KY-0212), Xuzhou Children's Hospital (XZCH, approval number: 2024–05-57-H57), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital (CUTGH, approval number: No.2025(010)), and Chengdu Women's and Children's Hospital (CWCCH, 2024–65), and also adhered to ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
