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Article History

Received: 7 June 2025

Accepted: 23 November 2025

First Online: 16 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Wachemo University with ethical approval reference number 0045/22 issued on 28/06/2022 Legal permission was obtained from the local education bureau. Prior to participation, the nature and significance of the study were thoroughly explained to participants and oral informed consent was obtained from the student’s legal guardians. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, potential benefits for themselves and stakeholders and any associated risks. The right of guardians to withdraw their children from the study at any time without penalty or loss of services was explicitly guaranteed. Confidentiality was maintained by using unique codes instead of identifiable personal information. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and regulations and in adherence to the principles of Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.