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Article History

Received: 21 March 2026

Accepted: 31 May 2026

First Online: 8 June 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval from the ethics committee of Henan Children’s Hospital Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital (2025-IITGC-008-002). Owing to the retrospective design of the study, the ethics committee of Henan Children’s Hospital agree to waive the requirement for written informed consent. During or after data collection, the authors accessed information that could potentially identify individual participants; this information has been anonymized to ensure confidentiality.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare.