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Authors
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Abe, Toshikazu
Tokuda, Yasuharu
Shiraishi, Atsushi
Fujishima, Seitaro
Mayumi, Toshihiko
Sugiyama, Takehiro
Deshpande, Gautam A.
Shiino, Yasukazu
Hifumi, Toru
Otomo, Yasuhiro
Okamoto, Kohji
Kotani, Joji
Sakamoto, Yuichiro
Sasaki, Junichi
Shiraishi, Shin-ichiro
Takuma, Kiyotsugu
Hagiwara, Akiyoshi
Yamakawa, Kazuma
Takeyama, Naoshi
Gando, Satoshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (2014-01)
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2019
Accepted: 13 May 2019
First Online: 6 June 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of all participating institutions at the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) SPICE study group. Given the retrospective and anonymized nature of this study in routine care, the Ethics Committees waived the need for informed consent from the study participants. The Institutional Review Board of Hokkaido University, a leading institution in SPICE, approved this study (approval no. 016-0385).
: Not applicable
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
