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Article History

Received: 11 September 2019

Accepted: 10 January 2020

First Online: 6 February 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All sites received approval from their respective ethics boards as part of the ATHOS-3 study (Khanna A et al. <i>N Engl J Med</i>. 2017;377(5):419–430.

: Not applicable.

: Rinaldo Bellomo, Richard G. Wunderink, Ashish K. Khanna, Marlies Ostermann, and Paul J. Young have nothing to disclose.Harold Szerlip received personal fees from La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company during the conduct of the study.Shane W. English’s research center (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute) received per-patient reimbursement from La Jolla Pharmaceutical company for research coordinator time.Laurence W. Busse has received consulting fees from La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company.Adam M. Deane’s employer at the time of study (Royal Adelaide Hospital) received per-patient reimbursement to the institution from La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company for research coordinator time.Michael T. McCurdy has served on the speakers’ bureau for La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company.Damian R. Handisides and Lakhmir S. Chawla are employees of La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company and own stock.George F. Tidmarsh was an employee of La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company at the time of the analysis and owns stock.Timothy E. Albertson received institutional research funding during the conduct of the study and speaking honoraria after the conduct of the study from La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company.