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Article History

Received: 31 December 2021

Accepted: 27 March 2022

First Online: 21 April 2022

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in France and Belgium in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (Declaration of Helsinki 2002) and Ethical Committee approvals (Comité de Protection des Personnes—Ile de France IV, IRB n°00003835 and Commission d’éthique biomédicale hospitalo-facultaire de l’hôpital de Louvain, IRB n° B403201213352). Current reanalysis of the FROG-ICU cohort was performed in compliance with Unity Health Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) Research Ethics Board (n° 19-138). Written consent was waived; all patients and/or next of kin were informed and verbal consent was documented in the patients’ medical records.

: Not applicable.

: None of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other persons or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper. Dr. P.J has received honoraria to the institution for participation in advisory boards from Amgen; has received research grants to the institution from AstraZeneca (Cambridge, United Kingdom), Biotronik (Berlin, Germany), Biosensors International (Singapore), Eli Lilly (Indianapolis, Indiana) and the Medicines Company (Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey); and serves as an unpaid member of the steering groups of trials funded by AstraZeneca (Cambridge, United Kingdom), Biotronik (Berlin, Germany), Biosensors (Singapore), St. Jude Medical (St. Paul, Minnesota) and the Medicines Company. Dr. L.B. laboratory reports grants from Medtronic Covidien, Draeger, non-financial support from Fisher Paykel, non-financial support from Philips, non-financial support from Sentec, non-financial support from Air Liquide, a patent with General Electric, outside the submitted work. Dr. P.R.L. has received unrelated research funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, the LifeArc Foundation, the Thistledown Foundation, the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, the Medicine by Design Fund, the University of Toronto and the Government of Ontario. He also received unrelated consulting honoraria from Novartis, Corrona and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, as well as unrelated royalties from McGraw-Hill Publishing. Dr. A.M. has received speaker’s honoraria from Abbott (Chicago, Illinois), Orion (Auckland, New Zealand), Roche (Basel, Switzerland) and Servier (Suresnes, France); and fees as a member of the advisory boards and/or steering committees and/or research grants from BMS (New York, New York), Adrenomed (Hennigsdorf, Germany), Neurotronik (Durham, North Carolina), Roche (Basel, Switzerland), Sanofi (Paris, France), Sphyngotec (Hennigsdorf, Germany), Novartis (Basel, Switzerland), Otsuka (Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan), Philips (Amsterdam, Netherlands) and 4TEEN4 (Hennigsdorf, Germany). Dr. E.G. received fees as a member of the advisory boards and/or steering committees and/or from research grants from Magnisense (Paris, France), Adrenomed (Hennigsdorf, Germany) and Deltex Medical (Chichester, United Kingdom). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.