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Article History

Received: 14 February 2022

Accepted: 7 July 2022

First Online: 3 August 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for both studies had been granted by the institutional review board (EA2/061/06 and EA2/041/10) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients were included after written informed consent by a legal proxy.

: Not applicable.

: SJ Schaller reports grants and non-financial support from ESICM (Brussels, Belgium), Fresenius (Germany), Liberate Medical LLC (Crestwood, USA), STIMIT AG (Nidau, Switzerland), MSD (Haar, Germany) as well as from Technical University of Munich, Germany, from national (e.g., DGAI) and international (e.g., ESICM) medical societies (or their congress organizers) in the field of anesthesiology and intensive care, all outside the submitted work; SJS holds stocks in small amounts from Alphabet Inc., Bayer AG, Rhön-Klinikum AG, and Siemens AG. These did not have any influence on this study. JCS reports (full departmental disclosure) grants from Orion Pharma, Abbott Nutrition International, B. Braun Medical AG, CSEM AG, Edwards Lifesciences Services GmbH, Kenta Biotech Ltd., Maquet Critical Care AB, Omnicare Clinical Research AG, Nestle, Pierre Fabre Pharma AG, Pfizer, Bard Medica S.A., Abbott AG, Anandic Medical Systems, Pan Gas AG Healthcare, Bracco, Hamilton Medical AG, Fresenius Kabi, Getinge Group Maquet AG, Dräger AG, Teleflex Medical GmbH, Glaxo Smith Kline, Merck Sharp and Dohme AG, Eli Lilly and Company, Baxter, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, CSL Behring, Novartis, Covidien, Nycomed, and Phagenesis, outside of the submitted work. The money went into departmental funds, no personal financial gain applies. SWC reports scientific grants from Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, outside of the submitted work.