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Article History

Received: 23 May 2022

Accepted: 14 September 2022

First Online: 28 September 2022

Declarations

:

: N/A, this was a literature review and expert opinion.

: Michael R. Pinsky, MD, Dr hc Scientific advisor and honoraria from Baxter (Deerfield, IL,USA), Edwards Lifescieinces (Irvine, CA USA) and Masimo (Irvine, CA, USA). Maurizio Cecconi, MD. PhD. Consult for Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and Directed Systems (Cambridge, UK). Michelle S. Chew, MD, PhD. Consultant and honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). Honoraria from Braun AB. Daniel De Backer, MD, PhD Honoraria from Baxter (Deerfiled, IL, USA, USA). Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and Philips (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Ivor Douglas, MD Honoraria and research grant Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA) paid to institution. Mark Edwards, BMS, BMBS, MD (Res), Honorarium from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA). Deputy Chief Investigator of Edwards Lifesciences and NIHR-funded OPTIMISE II trial, Chief Investigator of NIHR-funded FLO-ELA trial with research supported by Edwards, LiDCO, Masimo Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA)) and Deltex Medical (Chichester, UK) paid to institution. Olfa Hamzaoui, MD, Hororaria for lectures from Baxter (Deerfield, IL USA). Glenn Hernandez, MD, PhD, None. Greg Martin, MD, MSc. Scientific advisor and honoraria from Genentech (San Francisco, CA, USA) and Grifols Youngstown, OH, USA). Xavier Monnet, MD, PhD Scientific advisor and honoraria from Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA) and Getinge (Solna, Sweden). Bernd Saugel, MD, PhD Consultant and honoria from Baxter (Deerfield, IL, USA), CNSystems Medizintechnik GmbH (Graz, Austria), Edwards Lifesiciens (Irvine, CA, USA), GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA), Getinge AB (Gothenburg, Sweden), Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen GmbH (Böblingen, Germany) and Vygon (Aachen, Germany); institutional restricted research grants from GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA), Osypka Medical (Berlin, Germany) and Retia Medical LLC. (Valhalla, NY, USA). Thomas WL Scheeren, MD, PhD Research grants and honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and Masimo Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA) paid to institution. Jean-Louis Teboul, MD, PhD, Member of the Medical Advisory Board of Getinge (Solna, Sweden). Jean-Louis Vincent, MD, PhD, None.