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Authors
Kumar, Ashwani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-7833
Venkatesh, Bala
Finfer, Simon
Delaney, Anthony
Thompson, Kelly
Middleton, Paul M.
Aneman, Anders
Shetty, Kavitha
Bhonagiri, Deepak
Saxena, Manoj
van Haren, Frank M. P.
Bradford, Celia
Reece, Graham
Rodda, Simon
Mackellar, Candice
Bass, Francess
Tsang, Lewis
Li, Sandra
Kwok, Raymond
Buckley, Alexander
Zou, Angela
Sridharan, Swathi
Hu, David
Iskandar, Mark
Frost, Sarah
Headington, Tori
Connor, Giuliana
Klironomos, Anthony
Shan, Sana
Li, Yang
Anderson, Belinda
Sidoli, Rebecca
Inskip, Deborah
Lam, Matthew
Fuller, Garnette
Yu, Christopher
Sigurdson, Bridget
McNulty, Richard
Sadeghpour, Maeda
Billot, Laurent
Hammond, Naomi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (Leadership Fellowship, Leadership Fellowship, Emerging Leadership Fellowship)
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2025
First Online: 2 June 2025
Declarations
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: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Southwestern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number 2020/ETH00180, dated 14 May 2020). This was a low/negligible risk observational study using demographic, physiological and patient data which is measured routinely as part of clinical care. Moreover, there was no clinical risk associated for participants as the study was observational in nature and has no potential to interfere with standard treatment. There was no risk to the rights, privacy or professional reputation of carers, health professionals and/or institutions as the study solely concerns with analysis of clinical data collected as part of standard clinical care. Hence, ethical approval was obtained with a waiver of individual patient consent in keeping with local guidelines on the conduct of research in humans and complying with state and Federal privacy laws.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
