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Article History

Received: 25 March 2025

Accepted: 26 May 2025

First Online: 19 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The LIVE study was approved by an independent ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est VI, Clermont Ferrand, France; number: AU1099) and registered by the French competent authority (Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament (ANSM); number: 2013-A01756-39). This study was registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov first posted on 29/05/2014, number NCT02149589. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients’ next of kin. The ARMA study was approved by the institutional review board at each hospital, and informed consent was obtained from the patients or surrogates at all but one hospital, where this requirement was waived. This study was registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov first posted on 28/10/1999, number NCT00000579. The ACURASYS study was approved by the ethics committee of the Marseille University Hospital (Comité Consultatif de Protection des Personnes dans la Recherche Biomédicale), according to French law. This study was registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov first posted on 07/03/2006, number NCT00299650. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients or their proxies. The COVIDICUS study was approved by the institutional review board of the Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile-de-France-XI and the French Health Authorities. This study was registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov first posted on 14/04/2020, number NCT04344730. Consents were obtained in adherence with the French law for emergency inclusion, with signed informed consent obtained from conscious patients and an emergency consent procedure with the patient’s legal guardian or relatives implemented for those unable to consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Laurent Renard Triché takes the responsibility for the content of the manuscript.