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Article History

Received: 19 June 2025

Accepted: 25 June 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: FAZ currently has provisional patents (63/659, 989; provisional filed June 14, 2024 and 63/652,106; provisional filed May 27, 2024) and software copyrights (Canada IP Office Registration #: 1231355 and 1231080) held in relation to advanced brain monitoring devices and physiologic metric algorithms. All of this is unrelated to the content of this manuscript.

: FAZ is supported through the Endowed MPI Chair in Neuroscience, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; DGECR-2022-00260, RGPIN-2022-03621, ALLRP-578524-22, ALLRP-576386-22, I2IPJ 586104–23, ALLRP 586244-23, ALLRP-590680-2023, ALLRP 597442-24, ALLRP-597708-24, I2IPJ 2024-598125), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; Grant #: 530549), the MPI Neuroscience Research Operating Fund, the Health Sciences Centre Foundation Winnipeg, the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) (Project #: 38583), Research Manitoba (Grant #s: 3906, 5429, 5914, 6554), and the Pan Am Clinic Foundation of Winnipeg.