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Authors
Callaway, Clifton W.
Elmer, Jonathan
Kudenchuk, Peter J.
Okubo, Masashi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS124642)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS124642)
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: ALPS enrolled patients under an Exception from the Requirement for Informed Consent for Emergency Care Research that had been approved by the institutional review boards of the participating sites. The University of Pittsburgh Human Research Protections Office designated the use of the deidentified public use data not to be human research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
