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Authors
Bates, Jason H.T.
Kollisch-Singule, Michaela
Gaver, Donald P.
Nieman, Gary F.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL142702)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL142702)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL142702)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL142702)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable (no human or animal data).
: Not applicable (no personal data).
: JHTB is a scientific advisor for and shareholder in Oscillavent, Inc. (Iowa) and Respiratory Sciences, Inc. (Minnesota), and consults for Chiesi USA, Inc. MKS has delivered lectures for and received an educational research grant (November 2020) from Dräger Medical Systems, Inc. GFN has received honoraria and/or travel reimbursement at event(s) sponsored by Dräger Medical Systems, Inc., outside of the published work. GFN has lectured for Intensive Care On-line Network, Inc. (ICON).
