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Authors
Wang, Hui
Michels, Erik H. A.
Cai, Mingyang
Butler, Joe M.
de Brabander, Justin
Reijnders, Tom D. Y.
Joosten, Sebastiaan C.
Sweeney, Timothy E.
Schuurman, Alex R.
van Engelen, Tjitske S. R.
Haak, Bastiaan W.
Brands, Xanthe
Douma, Renée A.
Cremer, Olaf C.
Peters-Sengers, Hessel
Wiersinga, W. Joost
van der Poll, Tom
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC #202208140032)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (No 847786 (FAIR))
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (847786 (FAIR))
European Commission (Horizon 2020, ImmunoSep, grant number 847422)
Dutch Kidney Foundation (Kolff Grant Nr. 19OK009)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 11 October 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study entailed the following studies, all approved by the institutional ethics committees: the OPTIMACT study (Dutch Trail Register identifier NTR6163), the ELDER-BIOME study (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02928367), and the MARS project (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01905033). In OPTIMACT and ELDER-BIOME patients provided written informed consent; inclusion of patients in MARS was done using an opt-out method approved by the institutional review board.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
