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Authors
Costamagna, Andrea
Smit, Marry R.
Pivetta, Emanuele
Persona, Paolo
Navalesi, Paolo
Pisani, Luigi
Schultz, Marcus J.
Brazzi, Luca
Fanelli, Vito
Tuinman, Pieter R.
Bos, Lieuwe D.J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Torino (Ricerca locale 2024)
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was a secondary analysis of LUS videos (.mp4 or.avi formats) obtained from three patient groups. The Unito cohort was retrieved from a study conducted at the University of Turin (IRB approval: 189582). The herQLUS and Lupo cohorts come from previously published trials conducted at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (herQLUS trial, IRB approval: (2017_312#B201859)) and at the Padua University Hospital (Lupo trial, IRB approval: 0021712; Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT04648657), respectively. Informed consent was previously obtained for the original studies in accordance with national regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors (CA, SMR, PEE, PP, FV, PL, SMJ, BL, TPR and BLDJ) declare no conflicts of interest related to the present work. NP declares research grant and/or equipment from Gilead, Draeger, Mindray and Intersurgical SpA; royalties from Intersurgical SpA for Helmet Next invention; lecturing fees from Getinge, Mindray, Philips, Gilead, GSK, Shionogi, Intersurgical SpA.
