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Authors
Jackson, Holly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-6437
Hernandez Padilla, Ana Catalina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-7294
Vintcent, Lisanne E. M.
Barac, Aleksandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-2277
Cremer, Olaf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-1108
Daix, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-7247
De Waele, Jan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-9748
Forcelledo, Lorena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-2463
Barraud, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-9206
Bonten, Marc J. M.
Harbarth, Stephan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-1025
Francois, Bruno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-1652
van Werkhoven, C. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-4635
de Kraker, Marlieke E. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-8614
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Lena, Silvana
De Schryver, Nicolas
Huberlant, Vincent
Mesland, Jean-Baptiste
De Waele, Jan J.
Cavalleri, Jonathan
Vajter, Jaromir
Duska, Frantisek
Leon Lopez, Rafael
Murcia Anaya, Mercedes
Ferrer Roca, Ricard
Forcelledo Espina, Lorena
Darreau, Cedric
Nseir, Saadalla
Garot, Denis
Quenot, Jean-Pierre
Maldiney, Thomas
Vlahovic-Palcevski, Vera
Kopic, Jasminka
Gjurasin, Branimir
Barac, Aleksandra
Cremer, Olaf L.
Corneci, Dan
Negoita, Silvius Ioan
Koutsoukou, Antonia
Makris, Demosthenes
Kotanidou, Anastasia
van den Oever, Huub
Daix, Thomas
,
Jackson, Holly
Hernandez Padilla, Ana Catalina
Vintcent, Lisanne E. M.
Barraud, Olivier
Bonten, Marc J. M.
Harbarth, Stephan
Francois, Bruno
van Werkhoven, C. H.
de Kraker, Marlieke E. A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Geneva
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: Data from all patients in POS-VAP were collected following the European General Data Protection Regulation and after approval of the POS-VAP protocol by the ethical committees from the participating hospitals and/or national authorities, as applicable. All clinical research has been conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, GCP and local legislations. For patients, ethical procedures followed standard practices for observational studies at each site/country; in most cases, signed informed consent was obtained from patients, or their legal representative. For the remainder of patients, a hospital-wide consent for data use, waiver of consent, or non-objection notice was in place.
: Not applicable.
: CHvW reports consultancy fees from MSD/Merck and Sanofi-Pasteur and research grants from MSD/Merck, LimmaTech, BioMérieux and DaVolterra. JJDW has consulted for Biomerieux, Menarini, MSD, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, ThermoFisher and Viatris (fees and honoraria paid to institution). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
