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Authors
Villa, Antoine
Dewar, Fiona
Pisciotta, Walter
Rai, Ankit
Kerneis, Sven
Batum, Gül
McDonnell, Tom
Scully, Marie
McHugh, Timothy D.
Hilpert, Kai
Gilroy, Derek
de Nooijer, Aline
Netea, Mihai G.
Hedetoft, Morten
Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F.
Akatsuka, Masayuki
Heinz, Corina C.
Venet, Fabienne
Monneret, Guillaume
Meessen, Jennifer
Cheng, Tzu Hsuan
Zhang, Ming
Caironi, Pietro
Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.
de la Torre Terrón, Mari C.
Ebelt, Henning
Rademaker, Emma
Bodelsson, Mikael
Tverring, Jonas
Mi, Yuxin
Knight, Julian C.
Lindsey, Merry L.
Langley, Raymond J.
Kingsmore, Stephen F.
Brealey, Dave
Singer, Mervyn
Arulkumaran, Nishkantha https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2222-3180
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (W030489/1)
National Institute for Health and Care Research
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published studies and de-identified, publicly available datasets (e.g., MIMIC-IV). For all included studies, the original investigators confirmed that appropriate ethical approvals and informed consent were obtained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
