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Authors
Eleftheriou, Christopher
Ji, Chen
Lall, Ranjit
McAuley, Daniel F.
Perkins, Gavin D.
Couper, Keith
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: The RECOVERY-RS trial was reviewed and approved by the London - Brighton & Sussex Research Ethics Committee (20/HRA/1696). Participants (or their consultee) provided consent for study participation. This secondary analysis was approved by the University of Warwick Biomedical and Scientific Research Ethics Committee (BSREC 127/23–24).
: Not applicable.
: DFM reports personal fees from consultancy for Bayer, Novartis, Aptarion, MSD, Direct Biologics and Healios. DFM also reports grant funding to his institution from several funders (NIHR, Wellcome Trust, Innovate UK, Medical Research Council, and Northern Ireland Health and Social Research and Development division) for studies in patients with ARDS and COVID-19, and has a patent (US8962032) issued to his institution for a treatment for inflammatory disease. DFM and GDP were co-chief investigators of RECOVERY-RS. CJ, RL, and KC were co-investigators for RECOVERY-RS.
