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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of University Hospitals Leuven (S66599) and conducted according to the ethical standards as laid down in 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design and use of anonymized clinical data, there was no need for informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: J.H. received travel support from Gilead and Chiesi. S.F. received an FWO PhD fundamental research grant (11M6924N) which ended in September 2024, travel support from Pfizer and Gilead, funding for a public doctoral defense from Pfizer, Gilead, and Mundipharma, and has received a speaker’s fee from Healthbook Company Ltd. L.M. received FWO PhD fundamental research grant (11A0K26N) and travel support from Gilead. G.D.V. received C3 academic funding from Catholic University of Leuven, L.D.S. received research grant from Endeavor Biotech, speaker fee and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim, G.H. received FWO senior clinical research grant (fellowship 1805121 N), K.L. received consultancy fees from Mundipharma, speaker fees from Pfizer, Gilead, Mundipharma, and FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals Europe GmbH; a service fee from TECOmedical; a fee for Advisory Board participation from Pfizer; and travel support from Pfizer, Gilead, and AstraZeneca. M.P. received a KOOR/UZ Leuven research grant, speaker fees from Romed, Inari Medical, Eurosets, Medtronic and MSD and travel support from MSD. J.V.K received consulting fees from Gilead and Takeda. J.W. received investigator-initiated grants, travel support and speakers fees from Pfizer and Gilead and has received a speaker’s fee from Mundipharma and Astra Zeneca. J.W. was supported by BOF-ZAP funding of KU Leuven and by the EU Horizon 2020 HDMFUN research project. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.