Iwasaki, Yudai
Kinoshita, Takahiro https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6761-2908
Yoshimura, Jumpei
Maruyama, Shuhei
Ohshimo, Shinichiro
Murao, Shuhei
Watanabe, Makoto
Uchida, Kenichiro
Igarashi, Yutaka
Nishimoto, Yuji
Katayama, Shinshu
Kurosawa, Hiroshi
Inoue, Yoshiaki
Kodate, Akira
Iyama, Keita
Inoue, Shigeaki
Kaneda, Keisuke
Ito, Yusuke
Kobayashi, Hirotada
Nakataki, Emiko
Shime, Nobuaki
Article History
Received: 1 February 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 12 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The present analysis did not require additional institutional review because it solely involved the secondary use of existing anonymized data; the original study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kansai Medical University (No. 2024015). The IRB approved an opt-out consent process via institutional public notification as the study included historical admissions. Accordingly, the IRB waived the requirement for informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: Takahiro Kinoshita and Jumpei Yoshimura are the founders of MeDiCU, Inc., which is responsible for the development and operation of the database used in this study. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No external funding was obtained for this research.