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Article History

Received: 29 March 2026

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The University of Pittsburgh Human Research Protection Office approved this clinical trial and study protocol based on a full board review (Study No. 21080010) before the study commenced on July 5th, 2022. The University of Pittsburgh serves as a single institutional review board of record for the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the Mayo Clinic study sites. Consent to participate in the trial was obtained from each patient or their legally authorized representative.

: Not applicable.

: RM received research grants from the NIDDK and Vantive Healthcare Inc., Research funding from Novartis Inc., consulting fees from Vantive Healthcare Inc., Baxter Inc., AM Pharma Inc., Bioporto Inc. La Jolla Inc., and Fresenius Medical Inc., unrelated to this study, serves on the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for the ALTER-AKI trial, patent pending for algorithm for fluid removal during CKRT; KK received research grants NIDDK and from Philips Research North America and Google, speaker honorarium from Nikkiso Critical Care Medical Supplies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, and consulting fees to Mayo Clinic and from Baxter Inc.; PMP received consulting fees and advisory committee fees from Durect, Health-Span Dx, Novartis, and Chiesi; served on a Data and Safety Monitoring Board for Baxter; served as a member of an endpoint adjudication committee for GE Healthcare; CCH, VT, WS, NN, SG, BWB, AA, PL, FA, DTH has nothing to disclose.

: Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans of this research.