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Article History

Received: 8 April 2026

Accepted: 26 May 2026

First Online: 27 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: LSC has received lecture fees from Nutricia and Fresenius Kabi. Z-YL has received consulting fees, honoraria for lectures and a grant for an investigator-initiated trial from Fresenius Kabi. CS has received consulting fees; travel compensation; and honoraria for lectures, presentations, or educational events from Fresenius Kabi, Baxter, Abiomed, and B Braun. CS has also received financial support for an investigator-initiated study from Fresenius Kabi. DM has received grants from the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre and the Netherlands Organisation of Health Research and Development; received in-kind support from Nutricia for the PRECISe study. AD has received grants from National Health and Medical Research Council Medical Research Future Fund, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Foundation, Nutricia Australia Pty Limited, and National Health and Medical Research Council and lecture fees paid to institution from Baxter Healthcare during the conduct of the study. MCGvdP has received grants from the Netherlands Organisation of Health Research and Development and the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre; received in-kind support from Nutricia; received consulting fees from Nutricia and Nestlé; and received honoraria for lectures and support for travel from Nutricia. EJR reports unrestricted grants paid to my institution from Baxter Healthcare (United States), Nutricia Australia and Fresenius Kabi Australia and personal fees for speaking from Nestle Australia, Baxter Healthcare (United States), Baxter Healthcare (Australia), Nutricia Australia, Fresenius Kabi and Nestle Australia. EJR has salary support from a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant. All other authors declare no competing interests.