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Article History

Received: 30 March 2026

Accepted: 3 June 2026

First Online: 9 June 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate: All patients belonged to the IMMUNOSEPSIS study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04067674). Because of the non interventional nature of the study, written informed consent was not required for inclusion. However, each clinician orally informed the patient or family members about the objectives, methodology, and conduct of the study, and provided them with a leaflet using plain language. Non opposition to participation to this study was systematically obtained from the patient or a third party before any blood sampling was performed and was recorded in patient’s clinical file. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Ouest II, n° RCB : 2019-A00210-57, n°CPP : 19.01.23, 71857) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Clinical and biological databases were reported to the National Commission for Information Technology and Freedom (CNIL, number 08-27).

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: FB is an employee of bioMérieux.