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Authors
Mohamed, Amira
Reddy, Nikita
Paul, Theresa
Gong, Michelle Ng
Baedorf Kassis, Elias
Moskowitz, Ari
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (EQUIP Grant)
National Institutes of Health (R33HL162980)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2026
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 30 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a secondary analysis of de-identified individual patient-level data from seven previously completed randomized controlled trials conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) ARDS Network. The present secondary analysis was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Montefiore Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Because the analysis used only de-identified data with no patient contact, the requirement for additional informed consent was waived.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifying data, images, or details.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
