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Article History

Received: 8 April 2026

Accepted: 25 June 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

:

: All clinical studies were performed under the IRB-approved Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s (CHOP) IRB (CHOP IRB 19-016271) Linking Endotypes and Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (LEOPARDS) study (clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT04113434). The CHOP IRB is organized and operates in compliance with the Department of Health and Human Services regulations, as described in 45 CFR 46, for United States federally funded research and FDA regulations, as described in 21 CFR Parts 50 and 56, for FDA regulated research. Informed consent was obtained from each patient’s parent/guardian prior to enrollment in the LEOPARDS study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.