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Authors
Citerio, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-3161
Taccone, Fabio Silvio
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: GC and FT have worked extensively on NPi and quantitative pupillometry over the past decade. They report serving on the Scientific Advisory Board of NeurOptics. Their institutions have received research grants from NeurOptics.
: Artificial intelligence–assisted tools, including ChatGPT, were used to support language editing, text refinement, and graphical development. These tools were not used to generate scientific concepts, data analysis, data interpretation, references, or conclusions. All scientific content, wording, figure content, and final interpretations were critically reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.
