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Article History

Received: 22 May 2026

Accepted: 11 July 2026

First Online: 21 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: Derek Angus reports consulting fees from Abionyx, AM Pharma, Bayer, Chugai, Grifols, Partner Therapeutics, and Spectral Medical. Filippo Sanfilippo reports honoraria from AOP orphan pharmaceuticals italy s.r.l. Daniel de Backer reports consulting fees from ABBOTT, AOP Pharma, Pharmazz, and honoraria from AOP Pharma and Viatris. Jan Bakker reports patent filed for automated CRT measurement device with Technical University Delft and Erasmus University. Manu Malbrain reports consulting fees from Baxter, Medcaptain, BD Getinge, Fresenius-Kabi, Sentinel Medical, Medaman, Lynxcare, Grifols, and honoraria from Getinge, Cytosorbents, Baxter, Nestle, PeerVoice, GE Healthcare, Medtronic. Antonio Messina reports honoraria from Vygon and BD. Michelle Chew reports honoraria from AOP Health, Philips Healthcare, Laboratorie Agguetant, Becton Dickinson and support for attending meetings from AOP Health, Philips Healthcare, Laboratorie Agguetant, Becton Dickinson. Olfa Hamzaoui reported consulting fees from Bayer, Viatris, and honoraria from BD APM and AOP Healthcare. Jean-Louis Teboul reports consulting fees from BD APM and honoraria from BD APM, and AOP Health. Xavier Monnet reports consulting fees from Getinge, BD, Edwards, Air Liquide, and honoraria from Getinge, BD, Edwards, Baxter, Masimo, AOP Health, and Philips, and plans a patent for an application for automated measurement of CRT. All the other authors report no competing interest.