Reep, Carmen A. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-7324
Wils, Evert-Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-0920
Jonkman, Annemijn H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-5135
Smit, Jim M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-1863
Gommers, Diederik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-7702
Heunks, Leo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-4665
Funding for this research was provided by:
ZonMw (09150162210061)
Pulmotech B.V., Health~Holland, Liberate Medical, Finapres Medical Systems, the Netherlands eScience center
European Respiratory Society
Liberate Medical
Mindray
Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 14 August 2026
First Online: 20 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The MIMIC-IV database was created with approval from the Institutional Review Board at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, which granted a waiver of informed consent and approved the data-sharing initiative.
<b>Consent for publication</b>: Not applicable.
<b>Competing interests</b>: The authors declare no competing interests.