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Authors
Mokrani, David
Piantoni, Antoine
Drieux-Rouzet, Laurence
Ross, Patricio
Gragueb-Chatti, Inès
Giry, Marion
Le Pape, Marc
Studer, Antoine
Ferreira-Coimbra, João
Charpentier, Julien
Maury, Éric
Bay, Pierre
Thivilier, Carine
Brousse, Xavier
Blanchard, Florian
Benchabane, Nacim
Larcher, Romaric
Martin-Loeches, Ignacio
Hernández-Meneses, Marta
Mongardon, Nicolas
Mascle, Olivier
Jacquens, Alice
Hojat, Leila S.
Antonitsch, Lukas
Vena, Antonio
Montrucchio, Giorgia
Amiot, Marine
Nagle, Sophie
Bouglé, Adrien
Sitbon, Alexandre
Luyt, Charles-Edouard
,
Rouzé, Anahita
Loiez, Caroline
Labarca, Jaime
Hraiech, Sami
Tamion, Fabienne
Lemée, Ludovic
Skalli, Soumaya
Barbier, François
Desgrouas, Maxime
Guinard, Jérôme
Meziani, Ferhat
Curtiaud, Anaïs
Grillon, Antoine
Tankovic, Jacques
Doloy, Alexandra
Paiva, José Artur
Botelho-Moniz, Edgar
Razazi, Keyvan
Decousser, Jean-Winoc
Lê, Minh-Pierre
Boyer, Alexandre
Silvant, Alicia
Monsel, Antoine
Chommeloux, Juliette
Moyon, Quentin
Constantin, Jean-Michel
Degos, Vincent
Levy, Bruno
Dumont, Yann
Klouche, Kada
Michon, Anne-Laure
Didelot, Marie-Noelle
Pantel, Alix
Cilloniz, Catia
Torres, Antoni
Pitart, Cristina
Souweine, Bertrand
Guérin, Renaud
Maurin, Eugénie
Bonomo, Robert A.
Mojica, Maria F.
Bassetti, Matteo
Mezzogori, Laura
Curtoni, Antonio
Chaïbi, Khalil
Jaureguy, Françoise
Brechot, Nicolas
Podglajen, Isabelle
Jomli, Amira
Timsit, Jean-François
de Montmollin, Etienne
Montravers, Philippe
Maataoui, Naouale
Lo, Stéphane
Armand-Lefèvre, Laurence
Montini, Florent
Schwebel, Carole
Dartevel, Anaïs
Fourcade, Grégoire
Tadié, Jean-Marc
Guillot, Pauline
Das, Vincent
Thiery, Guillaume
Plantefève, Gaëtan
Kuteifan, Khaldoun
Mootien, Joy
Gravet, Alain
Guitton, Christophe
Douillard, Thomas
Leone, Marc
Fleury, Marie
Thille, Arnaud
Arrivé, François
Bavozet, Florent
Vignon, Philippe
Quenot, Jean-Pierre
Vieillard-Baron, Antoine
Petit, Matthieu
Beurton, Alexandra
Fassi Fihri, Laila
Roux, Damien
Karaiskos, Ilias
Falcone, Marco
Tiseo, Giusy
Ripa, Marco
Van Duin, David
Khuu, Trieu-Vi
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2026
Accepted: 17 August 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with French law governing retrospective research on previously collected data. It was approved by the institutional review board of the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française (Comité d’Éthique de la SRLF, IRB00014135, reference 23–058) and registered with the CNIL (declaration no. 13123967). In accordance with this framework, individual written informed consent was not required; instead, patients (or their relatives) were informed of the use of their anonymized health data and of their right to object. For non-French sites, local ethics approval was obtained in accordance with national regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Use of artificial intelligence: The authors used Claude AI (Anthropic) to assist with English grammar and language editing. All output was reviewed and approved by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final content.
Competing interests: D.M. received lecture fees from Menarini outside the submitted work. FB received lecture fees from Aspen outside the submitted work. I.G.-C. received a travel grant from Pfizer and advisory board fees from Shionogi. N.M. received lecture fees from Baxter and AOP Health, travel grant from AOP Health and research grant from Air Liquide outside the submitted work. I.M.-L. received lecture fees from Grifols, Gilead, Thermofisher, MSD, bioMérieux and advisory board fees from Grifols and Mundipharma. G.M. received lecture fees from Thermofisher, 3M, Gilead, Grifols outside the submitted work. R.L. received lecture fees from Shionogi, consulting fees from MSD and Advantz, travel grant from Shionogi, MSD and Pfizer. C.-E. L. received lecture fees from Shionogi, travel support from Pfizer, and grant from Merck and Eumedica.
