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Authors
Vanhorebeek, Ilse https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-5192
Umman Serin, Nazlı https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-8909
Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4866-9865
Joosten, Koen F. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-2475
Van den Berghe, Greet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1362
Gunst, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-6393
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Methusalem Program of the Flemish government (METH14/06)
Methusalem Program of the Flemish government (METH14/06)
Sophia Research Foundation
Stichting Agis Zorginnovatie
Erasmus Trustfonds
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
European Research Council (AdG-2012-321670, AdG-2017-785809, AdG-2023-101133276)
Institute for Science and Technology, Flanders, Belgium (IWT-TBM150181, IWT-TBM110685)
Research Foundation-Flanders (1842724N, G029525N)
KU Leuven (STG/23/032)
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The participating sites’ institutional review boards approved the original and follow-up studies (Ethical Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven: ML8052; Medische Ethische Toetsingscommissie Erasmus MC: NL49708.078; Ethical Committee Stollery’s Children Hospital: Pro00038098), which were performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. Written informed consent was acquired from parents or legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
