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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy (approval #UID3472); in compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), all information regarding the recruited patients were pseudo-anonymized. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.

: K.V. Has received honoraria for speaker bureau from Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Roche, and AstraZeneca; G.Curs. from Veracyte; M.D-E from AstraZeneca, A.M. has received support from Menarini Group and served on the Speakers' Bureau for Roche and AstraZeneca. F.P. has received personal fees (as consultant and/or speaker bureau) from Menarini group and Roche. S.S. reported speaker fees from Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Lilly, BMS, and MSD. Advisory role for AstraZeneca and Daiichi-Sankyo. C.D-A. reported grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, and Novartis; and personal fees from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Roche outside the submitted work. G.T. reports personal fees (as speaker bureau or advisor) from Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, BMS, GSK, Menarini, AstraZeneca, Amgen and Bayer, unrelated to the current work. U.M. has received personal fees (as consultant and/or speaker bureau) from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, MSD, Amgen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eli Lilly, Diaceutics, GSK, Merck and AstraZeneca, Janssen, Diatech, Novartis and Hedera unrelated to the current work. G.P. has received personal fees (as consultant and/or speaker bureau) from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, MSD, Amgen, Diaceutics, Merck, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Sakura Finetek Europe B.V., Diatech Pharmacogenetics unrelated to the current work. A.B. has advisory and consulting roles for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Amgen, BMS, Gilead, Sofos, Daichii, and AstraZeneca. G.V. reported personal fees from Roche, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Agilent, Eli Lilly, and Gilead. G.Curi. has received honoraria for speaker engagements from Roche, Seattle Genetics, Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, NanoString, Samsung, Celltrion, BMS, and MSD; honoraria for consultancy from Roche, Seattle Genetics, and NanoString; honoraria for participation in advisory boards from Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, Samsung, Celltrion, and Mylan; honoraria for writing engagements from Novartis and BMS; and honoraria for participation in the Ellipsis Scientific Affairs Group. He has also received institutional research funding for conducting phase I and II clinical trials from Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Celgene, Servier, Orion, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, AbbVie, Tesaro, BMS, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen-Cilag, Philogen, Bayer, Medivation, and Medimmune. E.G-R. has received advisory fees, honoraria, travel accommodations/expenses, grants, and/or non-financial support from AstraZeneca, Exact Sciences, GSK, Illumina, MSD, Novartis, Roche, and Thermo Fisher Scientific. C.C. has participated in advisory or consultancy roles and speakers' bureau engagements for Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, and Seagen. N.F. has received honoraria for consulting, advisory role, speaker bureau, travel, and/or research grants from Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Merck, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Roche, Menarini Group, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Gilead, Sysmex, Genomic Health, Veracyte, Sakura, Leica Biosystems, Lilly, Pfizer, ThermoFisher, Abbvie. These companies had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and/or in the decision to publish the results. All other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.