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Authors
Xu, Nuo N.
Barnard, Mollie E.
Holder, Etienne X.
Rosenberg, Lynn
Ko, Naomi
Palmer, Julie R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-335X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH (U01 CA164974)
Susan G. Komen (SAC220228)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Boston University Medical Center.
: BWHS participants give implied consent by completing biennial questionnaires about their health and habits and returning the questionnaires to the study offices. Each questionnaire is accompanied by a document that explains the elements of informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
