Burke, Aileen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-1670
Fan, Shaoqi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-7510
Pfeiffer, Ruth M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-2698
Bodelon, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-2678
Chan, Ariane H. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-7719
Hill, Melissa L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-7601
Khan, Nabeel
Tikhonov, Aristarkh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-1508
Harris, Alexandra R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-3131
Highnam, Ralph P. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2292-8175
Vacek, Pamela M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-0049
Weaver, Donald L. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9946-9369
Johnson, Jason M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-5784
Herschorn, Sally D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-6490
Sprague, Brian L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-8317
Sherman, Mark E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-8808
Mullooly, Maeve https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-6907
Gierach, Gretchen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-5522
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Research Board (EIA-2019–012)
Health Research Board (EIA-2019–012)
Intramural Research Program
National Cancer Institute
Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Participants provided written informed consent in accordance with approvals from the NCI Special Studies Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the University of Vermont IRB.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare they have no competing interests (AB, SF, RMP, ARH, PMV, DLW, JMJ, SDH, BLS, MES, MM, GLG). At the time of investigation, AHLC, NK, and RPH were employees of Volpara Health Technologies Ltd. AT is an employee of Lunit International Ltd. MLH is an employee of Lunit Canda, Inc.