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Article History

Received: 13 October 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The use of human specimens and animal experiments in this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China (Approval No. 2023120). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the collection and use of their clinical specimens, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were conducted in compliance with institutional guidelines, relevant national regulations, and internationally accepted principles for the care and use of laboratory animals.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.