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Authors
Wang, Xin-ping
Han, Ying
Yao, Min
Gao, Hong-Wen
Sun, Ping-Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jilin Province Medical and Health Talent Special Project (2024WSZX-A01)
Jilin Province Medical and Health Talent Special Project (2024WSZX-B06)
Jilin Province Key Laboratory (20170622006JC)
Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (YDZJ202401451ZYTS)
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 7 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study complied with the ethical standards of all participating institutions and the Declaration of Helsinki, with institutional review board approval (Ref: 2025 − 241) granted for the use of de-identified pathology materials; informed consent was formally waived due to the retrospective nature of the research, complete removal of patient identifiers, and absence of direct human subject involvement. Histological slides from Jilin Central Hospital and Lanzhou University Second Hospital were irreversibly anonymized prior to analysis and utilized in compliance with local ethical regulations, with retrospective data usage secured under formal institutional agreement.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
