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Authors
Oshi, Masanori
Sugimori, Makoto
Kawashima, Kei
Gandhi, Shipra
Yamada, Akimitsu
Narui, Kazutaka
Ishikawa, Takashi
Endo, Itaru
Takabe, Kazuaki
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K14600)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K15535)
National Institutes of Health (R37CA248018)
National Institutes of Health (R01CA250412)
National Institutes of Health (R01CA251545)
National Institutes of Health (, R01EB029596, W81XWH-19-1-0674 and W81XWH-19-1-0111)
National Institutes of Health (R37CA248018, R01CA250412, R01CA251545, R01EB029596, W81XWH-19-1-0674 and W81XWH-19-1-0111)
National Institutes of Health (R37CA248018, R01CA250412, R01CA251545, R01EB029596, W81XWH-19-1-0674 and W81XWH-19-1-0111)
National Institutes of Health (R37CA248018, R01CA250412, R01CA251545, R01EB029596, W81XWH-19-1-0674 and W81XWH-19-1-0111)
National Institutes of Health (R37CA248018, R01CA250412, R01CA251545, R01EB029596, W81XWH-19-1-0674 and W81XWH-19-1-0111)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The METABRIC dataset is publicly available and therefore exempt from ethical approval. The use of C-CAT data in this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Advisory Committee of YCU (IRB approval number: F250900014). All data analyzed were fully de-identified in accordance with applicable ethical guidelines.
Consent for publication: Not applicable, as this study used de-identified secondary data.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
