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Authors
Kawamura, Chitose https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4251-0442
Shimada, Kensuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-0753
Bhaskaran, Krishnan
Konishi, Takaaki
Sagara, Yasuaki
Bando, Hiroko
Shinozaki, Tomohiro
Nojiri, Shuko
Adomi, Motohiko
Wong, Angel Y. S.
Tamiya, Nanako
Iwagami, Masao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-0640
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer Health Research Foundation of Japan
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Article History
Received: 19 April 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (approval number: 1839). The requirement for individual participant consent was waived because the data were anonymized.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: KB was funded by a Wellcome Senior Research Fellowship (220283/Z/20/Z). TK received grants from the Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation and Japan Kampo Medicines Manufacturers Association. SY received honoraria from Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lily, Chugai, MSD, Nippon Kayaku, Kyowa Kirin, Sysmex, and Celltrion Healthcare Japan. TS received consultation fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and TMP Medical and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis, Pfizer Japan, SAS Institute Japan, CMIC HOLDINGS Co., LTD, and Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. AW received honoraria from Henry Stewart Talk, the 6th annual meeting of the Society for Clinical Epidemiology in Tokyo, and the 28th annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Pharmacoepidemiology. The other authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests.
