Funding for this research was provided by:
Pennsylvania Department of Health (TRK08-Mama-PSU-2016F)
National Cancer Institute (K07CA222335)
Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 23 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Partnering to Prevent and Control Cancer (PPCC) study was approved by the institutional review boards at The Pennsylvania State University (Protocol ID: STUDY00006779) and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Protocol ID: 2021 − 0138), and participants provided informed consent prior to completing study activities.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.