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Authors
Sun, Shiyun
Wang, Simin
Bai, Yansong
Ding, Jie
Wang, He
Zheng, Jinlong
Zhou, Jiayin
Lin, Luyi
Jiang, Tingting
You, Chao
Gu, Yajia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82572174)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82430061)
Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Medical Innovation Research Project (23Y11903300)
the Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong New Area (PKJ2024-Y55)
AI for Science Foundation of Fudan University (FudanX24AI069)
Shanghai Explorer Program (24TS1411300)
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (IRB No. 2302269–1), which waived the requirement for informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
