Goldswain, Hannah
Dong, Xiaofeng
Penrice-Randal, Rebekah
Alruwaili, Muhannad
Shawli, Ghada T.
Prince, Tessa
Williamson, Maia Kavanagh
Raghwani, Jayna
Randle, Nadine
Jones, Benjamin
Donovan-Banfield, I’ah
Salguero, Francisco J.
Tree, Julia A.
Hall, Yper
Hartley, Catherine
Erdmann, Maximilian
Bazire, James
Jearanaiwitayakul, Tuksin
Semple, Malcolm G.
Openshaw, Peter J. M.
Baillie, J. Kenneth
,
Baillie, J. Kenneth
Semple, Malcolm G.
Openshaw, Peter J. M.
Carson, Gail
Alex, Beatrice
Andrikopoulos, Petros
Bach, Benjamin
Barclay, Wendy S.
Bogaert, Debby
Chand, Meera
Chechi, Kanta
Cooke, Graham S.
da Silva Filipe, Ana
de Silva, Thushan
Docherty, Annemarie B.
dos Santos Correia, Gonçalo
Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel
Dunning, Jake
Fletcher, Tom
Green, Christoper A.
Greenhalf, William
Griffin, Julian L.
Gupta, Rishi K.
Harrison, Ewen M.
Hiscox, Julian A.
Ho, Antonia Ying Wai
Horby, Peter W.
Ijaz, Samreen
Khoo, Saye
Klenerman, Paul
Law, Andrew
Lewis, Matthew R.
Liggi, Sonia
Lim, Wei Shen
Maslen, Lynn
Mentzer, Alexander J.
Merson, Laura
Meynert, Alison M.
Moore, Shona C.
Noursadeghi, Mahdad
Olanipekun, Michael
Osagie, Anthonia
Palmarini, Massimo
Palmieri, Carlo
Paxton, William A.
Pollakis, Georgios
Price, Nicholas
Rambaut, Andrew
Robertson, David L.
Russell, Clark D.
Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa
Sands, Caroline J.
Scott, Janet T.
Sigfrid, Louise
Solomon, Tom
Sriskandan, Shiranee
Stuart, David
Summers, Charlotte
Swann, Olivia V.
Takats, Zoltan
Takis, Panteleimon
Tedder, Richard S.
Thompson, A. A. Roger
Thomson, Emma C.
Thwaites, Ryan S.
Turtle, Lance C. W.
Zambon, Maria
Hardwick, Hayley
Donohue, Chloe
Griffiths, Fiona
Oosthuyzen, Wilna
Donegan, Cara
Spencer, Rebecca G.
Norman, Lisa
Pius, Riinu
Drake, Thomas M.
Fairfield, Cameron J.
Knight, Stephen R.
Mclean, Kenneth A.
Murphy, Derek
Shaw, Catherine A.
Dalton, Jo
Girvan, Michelle
Saviciute, Egle
Roberts, Stephanie
Harrison, Janet
Marsh, Laura
Connor, Marie
Halpin, Sophie
Jackson, Clare
Gamble, Carrol
Plotkin, Daniel
Lee, James
Leeming, Gary
Law, Andrew
Wham, Murray
Clohisey, Sara
Hendry, Ross
Scott-Brown, James
Shaw, Victoria
McDonald, Sarah E.
Keating, Seán
Ahmed, Katie A.
Armstrong, Jane A.
Ashworth, Milton
Asiimwe, Innocent G.
Bakshi, Siddharth
Barlow, Samantha L.
Booth, Laura
Brennan, Benjamin
Bullock, Katie
Catterall, Benjamin W. A.
Clark, Jordan J.
Clarke, Emily A.
Cole, Sarah
Cooper, Louise
Cox, Helen
Davis, Christopher
Dincarslan, Oslem
Dunn, Chris
Dyer, Philip
Elliott, Angela
Evans, Anthony
Finch, Lorna
Fisher, Lewis W. S.
Foster, Terry
Garcia-Dorival, Isabel
Gunning, Philip
Jensen, Rebecca L.
Jones, Christopher B.
Jones, Trevor R.
Khandaker, Shadia
King, Katharine
Kiy, Robyn T.
Koukorava, Chrysa
Lake, Annette
Lant, Suzannah
Latawiec, Diane
Lavelle-Langham, Lara
Lefteri, Daniella
Lett, Lauren
Livoti, Lucia A.
Mancini, Maria
McDonald, Sarah
McEvoy, Laurence
McLauchlan, John
Metelmann, Soeren
Miah, Nahida S.
Middleton, Joanna
Mitchell, Joyce
Moore, Shona C.
Murphy, Ellen G.
Pilgrim, Jack
Reynolds, Will
Ridley, P. Matthew
Sales, Debby
Shaw, Victoria E.
Shears, Rebecca K.
Small, Benjamin
Subramaniam, Krishanthi S.
Szemiel, Agnieska
Taggart, Aislynn
Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta
Thomas, Jordan
Trochu, Erwan
van Tonder, Libby
Wilcock, Eve
Zhang, J. Eunice
Flaherty, Lisa
Maziere, Nicole
Cass, Emily
Carracedo, Alejandra Doce
Carlucci, Nicola
Holmes, Anthony
Massey, Hannah
Murphy, Lee
McCafferty, Sarah
Clark, Richard
Fawkes, Angie
Morrice, Kirstie
Maclean, Alan
Wrobel, Nicola
Donnelly, Lorna
Coutts, Audrey
Hafezi, Katarzyna
MacGillivray, Louise
Gilchrist, Tammy
Adeniji, Kayode
Agranoff, Daniel
Agwuh, Ken
Ail, Dhiraj
Aldera, Erin L.
Alegria, Ana
Allen, Sam
Angus, Brian
Ashish, Abdul
Atkinson, Dougal
Bari, Shahedal
Barlow, Gavin
Barnass, Stella
Barrett, Nicholas
Bassford, Christopher
Basude, Sneha
Baxter, David
Beadsworth, Michael
Bernatoniene, Jolanta
Berridge, John
Berry, Colin
Best, Nicola
Bothma, Pieter
Chadwick, David
Brittain-Long, Robin
Bulteel, Naomi
Burden, Tom
Burtenshaw, Andrew
Caruth, Vikki
Chadwick, David
Chambler, Duncan
Chee, Nigel
Child, Jenny
Chukkambotla, Srikanth
Clark, Tom
Collini, Paul
Cosgrove, Catherine
Cupitt, Jason
Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa
Dark, Paul
Dawson, Chris
Dervisevic, Samir
Donnison, Phil
Douthwaite, Sam
Drummond, Andrew
DuRand, Ingrid
Dushianthan, Ahilanadan
Dyer, Tristan
Evans, Cariad
Eziefula, Chi
Fegan, Chrisopher
Finn, Adam
Fullerton, Duncan
Garg, Sanjeev
Garg, Sanjeev
Garg, Atul
Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni
Godden, Jo
Goldsmith, Arthur
Graham, Clive
Hardy, Elaine
Hartshorn, Stuart
Harvey, Daniel
Havalda, Peter
Hawcutt, Daniel B.
Hobrok, Maria
Hodgson, Luke
Hormis, Anil
Jacobs, Michael
Jain, Susan
Jennings, Paul
Kaliappan, Agilan
Kasipandian, Vidya
Kegg, Stephen
Kelsey, Michael
Kendall, Jason
Kerrison, Caroline
Kerslake, Ian
Koch, Oliver
Koduri, Gouri
Koshy, George
Laha, Shondipon
Laird, Steven
Larkin, Susan
Leiner, Tamas
Lillie, Patrick
Limb, James
Linnett, Vanessa
Little, Jeff
Lyttle, Mark
MacMahon, Michael
MacNaughton, Emily
Mankregod, Ravish
Masson, Huw
Matovu, Elijah
McCullough, Katherine
McEwen, Ruth
Meda, Manjula
Mills, Gary
Minton, Jane
Mirfenderesky, Mariyam
Mohandas, Kavya
Mok, Quen
Moon, James
Moore, Elinoor
Morgan, Patrick
Morris, Craig
Mortimore, Katherine
Moses, Samuel
Mpenge, Mbiye
Mulla, Rohinton
Murphy, Michael
Nagel, Megan
Nagarajan, Thapas
Nelson, Mark
Norris, Lillian
O’Shea, Matthew K.
Otahal, Igor
Ostermann, Marlies
Pais, Mark
Palmieri, Carlo
Panchatsharam, Selva
Papakonstantinou, Danai
Paraiso, Hassan
Patel, Brij
Pattison, Natalie
Pepperell, Justin
Peters, Mark
Phull, Mandeep
Pintus, Stefania
Pooni, Jagtur Singh
Planche, Tim
Post, Frank
Price, David
Prout, Rachel
Rae, Nikolas
Reschreiter, Henrik
Reynolds, Tim
Richardson, Neil
Roberts, Mark
Roberts, Devender
Rose, Alistair
Rousseau, Guy
Ruge, Bobby
Ryan, Brendan
Saluja, Taranprit
Schmid, Matthias L.
Shah, Aarti
Shanmuga, Prad
Sharma, Anil
Shawcross, Anna
Sizer, Jeremy
Shankar-Hari, Manu
Smith, Richard
Snelson, Catherine
Spittle, Nick
Staines, Nikki
Stambach, Tom
Stewart, Richard
Subudhi, Pradeep
Szakmany, Tamas
Tatham, Kate
Thomas, Jo
Thompson, Chris
Thompson, Robert
Tridente, Ascanio
Tupper-Carey, Darell
Twagira, Mary
Vallotton, Nick
Vancheeswaran, Rama
Vincent-Smith, Lisa
Visuvanathan, Shico
Vuylsteke, Alan
Waddy, Sam
Wake, Rachel
Walden, Andrew
Welters, Ingeborg
Whitehouse, Tony
Whittaker, Paul
Whittington, Ashley
Papineni, Padmasayee
Wijesinghe, Meme
Williams, Martin
Wilson, Lawrence
Cole, Sarah
Winchester, Stephen
Wiselka, Martin
Wolverson, Adam
Wootton, Daniel G.
Workman, Andrew
Yates, Bryan
Young, Peter
Emmett, Stevan R.
Digard, Paul
Matthews, David A.
Turtle, Lance
Darby, Alistair C.
Davidson, Andrew D.
Carroll, Miles W.
Hiscox, Julian A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-0275
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (75F40120C00085)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2022
Accepted: 17 February 2023
First Online: 13 March 2023
Declarations
:
: Patients were recruited under the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Clinical Characterization Protocol CCP () by giving informed consent. Ethical approval was given by the South Central - Oxford C Research Ethics Committee in England (Ref 13/SC/0149), the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/SS/0028), and the WHO Ethics Review Committee (RPC571 and RPC572, 25 April 2013). All experimental work on NHPs was conducted under the authority of a UK Home Office approved project license that had been subject to local ethical review at UKHSA Porton Down by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) and approved as required by the Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. None of the animals had been used previously for experimental procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.