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Authors
Zhang, Tianliu
Niu, Qunhao
Wang, Tianzhen
Wu, Jiayuan
Zhu, Bo
Wang, Zezhao
Gao, Xue
Chen, Yan
Gao, Huijiang
Zhang, Lupei
Fu, Tong
Gao, Tengyun
Liu, George E.
Li, Junya
Xu, Lingyang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972554)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272835)
Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-IAS-TS-16)
Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-IAS03)
National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System (CARS-37)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF1000600)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2019-67015-29321)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2021-67015-33409)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2023
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: All the animal procedures were performed strictly according to the guidelines proposed by the China Council on Animal Care and the Ministry of Agriculture, People’s Republic of China, and in compliance with the Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Tissue samples from beef cattle were collected with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Science Research Department of the Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, under IAS2020-48.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
