Robertson, Josephine A.
Bajzik, Jakub
Vernardis, Spyros
Chybowska, Aleksandra D.
McCartney, Daniel L.
Grauslys, Arturas
Mur, Jure
Smith, Hannah M.
Campbell, Archie
Drake, Camilla
Grant, Hannah
Pearce, Jamie
Russ, Tom C.
Adkin, Poppy
White, Matthew
Brigden, Charles
Messner, Christoph B.
Porteous, David J.
Hayward, Caroline
Cox, Simon R.
Zelezniak, Aleksej
Ralser, Markus
Robinson, Matthew R.
Marioni, Riccardo E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (319878/Z/24/Z)
Wellcome Trust (218493/Z/19/Z)
Wellcome Trust (221890/Z/20/Z)
Medical Research Council
Alzheimer's Society (AS-PG-19b-010)
Alzheimer's Society (AS-PG-19b-010)
Medical Research Scotland (U.MC_UU_00007/10)
Article History
Received: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the GS cohort was received from the NHS Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics (REC Reference Number: 05/S1401/89) and Research Tissue Bank status was granted by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service (REC Reference Number: 20/ES/0021). Participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: C.B., A.Z. and M.R. are co-founders of Eliptica Ltd. C.B.M. is a consultant and shareholder of Eliptica Ltd (London, UK). R.E.M. is a scientific advisor to the Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation and Optima Partners. D.L.M. is employed by Optima Partners Ltd. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.