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Authors
Ronai, Isobel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-857X
de Paula Baptista, Rodrigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-8260
Paulat, Nicole S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-2588
Frederick, Julia C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-8688
Azagi, Tal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-5854
Bakker, Julian W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-7729
Dillon, Katie C. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7125-5793
Sprong, Hein https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-4320
Ray, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-3987
Glenn, Travis C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-3637
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2024
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The bovine blood, which was used for an artificial membrane blood feeding system was obtained from Carus (Wageningen University, The Netherlands), and the procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committees of Wageningen Research under animal ethics protocol no. AVD1040020173624. The animal experiments were approved by the Dutch Central Authority for Scientific Procedures on Animals.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
