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Authors
Zhang, Xiaopu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4345-3443
Yet, Idil
Villicaña, Sergio
Castillo-Fernandez, Juan
Mangino, Massimo
Hottenga, Jouke Jan
Tsai, Pei-Chien
Min, Josine L.
Falchi, Mario
Wong, Andrew
Boomsma, Dorret I.
Ong, Ken K.
van Dongen, Jenny
Bell, Jordana T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-5986
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Sponsorship Council
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/N000404/1)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2024
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
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: All research participants have signed informed consent prior to taking part in any research activities. Ethical approval for TwinsUK was granted by the National Research Ethics Service London-Westminster, the St Thomas’ Research Ethics Committee (REC reference numbers: EC04/015 and 07/H0802/84). The NTR study was approved by the Central Ethics Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects of the VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, an Institutional Review Board certified by the U.S. Office of Human Research Protections (IRB number IRB00002991 under Federal-wide Assurance- FWA00017598; IRB/institute codes, NTR 03-180). Ethical approval for 1946BC was granted by the Central Manchester Research Ethics Committee (07/H1008/168 and 07/H1008/245) and the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (08/MRE00/12).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of their data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
