Rathgeber, Anja C.
Fernandes, Stacey M.
Nagler, Adi
Li, Shuqiang
Dorfman, David M.
Bullinger, Lars
Davids, Matthew S.
Brown, Jennifer R.
Livak, Kenneth J.
Ludwig, Leif S.
Wu, Catherine J.
Penter, Livius https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0207
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (5648-24)
National Cancer Institute (R50CA251956)
National Cancer Institute (R01 CA266298)
National Cancer Institute (P01 CA206978)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (LU 2336/10-1)
CLL Global Research Fund
Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
American Society of Hematology
Deutsche Krebshilfe
DKMS John Hansen Research Grant
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (2023_EKEA.102)
Brigitte und Dr. Konstanze Wegener-Stiftung (A 2024 II (7))
BIH Charité Digital Clinician Scientist Program
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Change Date: 2 June 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-026-04135-6
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Institutional Review Board under protocol 99–224, and all patients provided written informed consent prior to sample and data collection. The experimental methods of this study comply with the Helsinki Declaration.
: All participants signed written informed consent, including for publication of sequencing data, prior to any sample collection.
: C.J.W. is an equity holder of BioNTech, Inc, receives research funding from Pharmacyclics, and is a SAB member of Repertoire, Nature’s Toolbox, Aethon Therapeutics, and Adventris. K.J.L. reports equity in Standard BioTools Inc. and serves on the scientific advisory board for MBQ Pharma Inc. L.B. received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Hexal, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Menarini, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi; research funding from Bayer, Jazz Pharmaceuticals. M.S.D. has received institutional research funding from AstraZeneca and Ascentage Pharma,; and received personal consulting income from AbbVie, Ascentage Pharma, AstraZeneca, BeOne Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Genmab, Janssen, Merck, Nuvalent,and Schrӧdinger, and receives royalties from UpToDate. J.R.B. has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Acerta/Astra-Zeneca, Alloplex Biotherapeutics, BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EcoR1, Galapagos NV, Genentech/Roche, Grifols Worldwide Operations, InnoCare Pharma Inc, Kite Pharma, Loxo/Lilly, Magnet Biomedicine, Merck, Numab Therapeutics, Nurix Therapeutics, Pfizer, Pharmacyclics; received research funding from BeiGene, Gilead, iOnctura, Loxo/Lilly, MEI Pharma, Nagoon Therapeutics, and TG Therapeutics; serves on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for Grifols Therapeutics; and receives royalties from UpToDate. The Broad Institute has filed for patents relating to the use of technologies described in this paper, where L.S.L. is named an inventor (US patent applications 17/251,451 and 17/928,696). L.S.L is a Guest Editor for Genome Biology’s “Leveraging mitochondria to understand health and disease” collection but was not involved in the editorial process of this manuscript. All other authors do not have any relevant conflict of interest.