Boe, Ryan H.
Triandafillou, Catherine G.
Lazcano, Rossana
Wargo, Jennifer A.
Raj, Arjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH Training Grant In Computational Genomics (T32HG000046)
NIH Medical Scientist Training Program (T32GM007170)
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DRG-2465-22)
NCI Melanoma SPORE (P50CA221703)
MD Anderson Melanoma Moonshot
TRANSCEND Cancer Initiative and Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR)
Mark Foundation for Cancer Research
NIH Director’s Transformative Research Award (R01 GM137425)
NIH (R01 CA238237)
Article History
Received: 20 July 2024
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: A.R. receives royalties related to Stellaris RNA FISH probes. A.R. serves on the scientific advisory board of Spatial Genomics. A.R. is the founder of CytoPixel Software. J.A.W. is an inventor on US patent application no. PCT/US17/53.717 submitted by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, which covers methods to enhance immune checkpoint blockade responses by modulating the microbiome. J.A.W. reports compensation for the speaker’s bureau and honoraria from Imedex, Dava Oncology, Omniprex, Illumina, Gilead, PeerView, Physician Education Resource, MedImmune, Exelixis and Bristol Myers Squibb; and has served as a consultant and/or advisory board member for Roche/Genentech, Novartis, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, Micronoma, OSE therapeutics, Merck and Everimmune. J.A.W. receives stock options from Micronoma and OSE therapeutics. All other authors declare no competing interests.