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Authors
Scott, Brooklynn R.
Ayele, Ferehiwot
Lemma, Alemayehu
Moges, Amera
Abebe, Belayneh
Greenier, Ashlee
Slikas, Elizabeth
Blackwell, Michael
Becker, Kerstin
Stoltzmann, Megan
Sadoughi, Baptiste
Johann, Achim
Brüning, Nicolas
Haile, Abebaw Azanaw
Kebede, Fanuel
Joka, Fekede Regassa
Guarracino, Andrea
Mekonnen, Addisu
Hindle, Allyson
Beehner, Jacinta C.
Schneider-Crease, India A.
Lu, Amy
Bergman, Thore J.
Chiou, Kenneth L.
Snyder-Mackler, Noah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2233001)
National Science Foundation (BCS-0715179)
National Science Foundation (BCS-1723228)
National Science Foundation (BCS-1723237)
National Institute on Aging (R00AG075241)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All research was conducted with permission of the Ethiopian Wildlife and Conservation Authority (EWCA) following all laws and guidelines in Ethiopia. Animal procedures were conducted with approval by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) Arizona State University (20-1754R). Research involving zoo-held animals and sample access was conducted with approval from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) Gelada European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) coordinator and participating zoological institutions. This research conformed to the American Society of Primatologists/International Primatological Society Code of Best Practices for Field Primatology.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
