Williams, Matthew P.
Fetner, Rafał
Souilmi, Yassine
Bürger, Ulrike
Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz
Richards, Aidan
Haak, Wolfgang
Tobler, Raymond
Llamas, Bastien
Miglus, Peter A.
Cooper, Alan J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Government Research Training Program stipend
The University of Sydney Near Eastern Archaeology Foundation Grants in Aid 2020
National Science Centre in Poland (2016/22/M/HS3/00353)
The Fritz Thyssen Foundation / Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (https://doi.org/10.09.2.041, 2010/11 and 10.12.2.051, 2013/14)
The German Research Foundation / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MI 386/12-1, 2017/18)
Australian Research Council (FL140100260)
Bioplatforms Australia Ltd
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Sampling permissions were granted by the Slemani Antiquities and Heritage Directorate. All experimental methods were carried out in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: As the study did not recruit living human participants, informed consent was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.