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Authors
Grabauskas, Titas
Trinity, Luke
Verschoor, Chris P.
Nehar-Belaid, Djamel
Marches, Radu
Eryilmaz, Giray
Mahajan, Avinash S.
Ravichandran, Sathyabaarathi
Thibodeau, Asa
Picard, Emilie
Kuo, Chia-Ling
Schmader, Kenneth E.
Colon-Emeric, Cathleen
Whitson, Heather E.
Paust, Silke
García-Sastre, Adolfo
Yaari, Gur
Banchereau, Jacques
Kuchel, George A.
Ucar, Duygu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Heart Association (Predoctoral Fellowship 24PRE1186316)
NIH (1T32AG062409-01A1)
NIH (P30AG067988 Older Americans Independence Pepper Center)
NIH (P30AG028716 Duke Older Americans Independence Center)
NIH (UH2 AG056925)
NIH (U19 AI168631)
NIAID (CRIPT (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission), a as NIAID-funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR, contract # 75N93021C00014))
JAX Cancer Center (P30 CA034196)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Connecticut Health Center (UConn Health IRB #20–130-J-1 or JAX IRB #2019–006-JGM and IRB#—2022-Ceded-002) and the Health Sciences North Research Ethics Board (#985). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study 2,34,75–77 .
Consent for publication: All participants signed written informed consent, including for publication of sequencing data, prior to any sample collection.
Competing interests: The A.G.-S. laboratory has received research support from Avimex, Dynavax, Pharmamar, 7Hills Pharma, ImmunityBio and Accurius, outside of the reported work. A.G.-S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen, Paratus, Pfizer, Virofend and Prosetta, outside of the reported work. A.G.-S. has been an invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, Astrazeneca and Novavax. A.G.-S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, outside of the reported work. G.Y. serves as an advisor to Clareo Biosciences Inc. and holds equity in the company. At the time of the study, J.F.B. was a member of the BOD and SAB of Neovacs and Ascend Biopharma, and a SAB member of Cue Biopharma. Currently JFB is the Founder of Immunoledge LLC, an entity providing advice to Biotechs. In this capacity, JFB has advised Owkin, Immunai, Ascend Biopharma, Deka Therapeutics and Javelin Biotech, for which fees have been collected. JFB is currently a part-time Chief Innovation Officer at Georgiamune. He is also an adviser to Metis Therapeutics. JFB receives fees from these two organizations.
