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Authors
Bahai, Akash
Wang, He
Jain, Pritesh R.
Ward, Lucas D.
Boychenko, Oleksandr
Ding, Zhihao
Frederiksen, Jun
Ngeow, Joanne
Lee, Jimmy
Riboli, Elio
Liu, Jianjun
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Petretto, Enrico
Cheng, Ching-Yu
Lee, Bernett
Jamuar, Saumya Shekhar
Bertin, Nicolas
Bellis, Claire
Lam, Max
Zheng, Weiling
Sim, Xueling
Tan, Patrick
Chambers, John C.
Sadhu, Nilanjana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Singapore Ministry of Health’s (MOH) National Medical Research Council (NMRC) under its OF-LCG funding scheme
NMRC through National Cohorts Office
National Precision Medicine (NPM) Programme
National Research Foundation, Singapore (NRF) under the RIE2020 White Space
Singapore Ministry of Health through the NMRC Office, MOH Holdings Pte Ltd under the NMRC RIE2025 NPM Phase III Funding Initiative
Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and National Healthcare Group
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 21 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All participants in the HELIOS study provided informed consent to use their data and samples for clinical and molecular epidemiological research, and linkage to disease registers and medical records. Participant consent also includes use of data and samples by both academic and industry researchers. The HELIOS study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved under the governance framework of the Nanyang Technological University Institutional Review Board (Ref: 2016–11-030).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: L.D.W works for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and holds stocks as part of employment. O.B works for Bayer AG and does not hold stocks as part of employment. Z.D works for Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG and does not hold stocks as part of employment. J.F works for Novo Nordisk A/S and holds minor share portions as part of employment. The rest of the authors declare no competing interest.
